It has been extended to include the grand canonical ensemble
2.
It generalizes the narrower concepts of the grand canonical ensemble and canonical ensemble in statistical mechanics.
3.
Surface ionization effect in a vaporized cesium atom at 1500 K, calculated using a grand canonical ensemble.
4.
The thermodynamic variables of the grand canonical ensemble are chemical potential ( symbol : ) and absolute temperature ( symbol : ).
5.
For chemistry problems involving chemical reactions, the grand canonical ensemble provides the appropriate foundation, and there are two Lagrange multipliers.
6.
Then, a more accurate description is the canonical ensemble or grand canonical ensemble, both of which have complete correspondence to thermodynamics.
7.
As a result, the grand canonical ensemble can be highly inaccurate when applied to small systems of fixed particle number, such as atomic nuclei.
8.
For systems where the particle number is variable ( due to contact with a particle reservoir ), the correct description is the grand canonical ensemble.
9.
For example, in the canonical ensemble the number of particles inside the system is held fixed, whereas particle number can fluctuate in the grand canonical ensemble.
10.
The reason for this is that various thermodynamic ensembles ( canonical ) become equivalent in some aspects to the grand canonical ensemble, once the system is very large.
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